ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 690 Fourth edition 2021-06 Information and documentation Guidelines for bibliographic references and citations to information resources Information etdocumentation-Principes directeurspourla rédaction des reférences bibliographiques et des citations des ressources d'information Reference number ISO 690:2021(E) ISO ISO2021 IS0 690:2021(E) COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT @IS02021 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting below or Iso's member body in the country of the requester. IsO copyrightoffice CP 401 : Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva Phone: +41 22 749 01 11 Email: [email protected] Website: www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii @ IS0 2021 - All rights reserved IS0 690:2021(E) Contents Page Foreword ..viii Introduction. ..ix 1 Scope. ..1 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions. ..1 4 Principles for creating references .8 4.1 Purpose. .8 4.2 Principle 1: Ensure metadata accuracy .8 4.3 Principle 2: Prioritize identification and retrieval 9 4.4 Principle 3: Unify reference presentation 9 4.5 Principle 4: Determine appropriate specificity 9 5 Guidelines for creating references 9 5.1 General .9 5.2 Facilitatelocationofthecitedinformationresource 9 5.3 Reflect the content used accurately .10 5.4 Reference derivative works alongside the original .10 5.5 Faithfully reference the manifestation and item. .10 5.6 Consider retrievability of unpublished information resources .11 5.7 Adopt a uniform presentation scheme. .11 5.8 Accurately indicate specificity level. 6 Metadata ..1 6.1 General .11 6.2 Data source. 6.2.1 General. .11 6.2.2 Citedinformationresource .12 6.2.3 Externalmetadatasources .12 6.3 Verifying correctness and completeness 6.4 Handling conflicting data .13 7 Data elements. ..13 7.1 General ..13 7.1.1 Architecture of a citation .13 7.1.2 Common rules. 14 7.1.3 Manifestation and item 23 7.2 Creator. 25 7.2.1 General. 25 7.2.2 Roles 25 7.2.3 Selection 26 7.2.4 Personal names 26 7.2.5 Organization or group names. 30 7.2.6 Multiple creators. 32 7.2.7 Pseudonyms 34 7.2.8 Anonymous works. 34 7.3 Title. 35 7.3.1 Preferred form. 35 7.3.2 Alternative forms 35 7.3.3 Popular or original title 35 7.3.4 Long title. .36 7.3.5 Additional title parts 36 7.3.6 Ambiguous or incorrect title .36 7.3.7 No title .36 7.3.8 Translated title 37 7.3.9 Titles of translated works 37 @ IS0 2021 - All rights reserved ii IS0 690:2021(E) 7.3.10 Representation .37 7.4 Component parts. 38 7.4.1 General. .38 7.4.2 Representation .38 7.5 Formats and resource types .40 7.5.1 Formats .40 7.5.2 Resource types. .41 7.5.3 Digital file formats ..42 7.5.4 Migrated medium .43 7.6 Edition and version.. .43 7.6.1 Edition .43 7.6.2 Version .44 7.6.3 Differentiated and adaptive content .45 7.6.4 Publication stages .45 7.7 Date. ..45 7.7.1 General. .45 7.7.2 Representation .46 7.7.3 Date of publication. ..48 7.7.4 Date of citation. .48 7.7.5 Reissuance and surrogate dates .48 7.7.6 Incorrect dates. .49 7.8 Production information. .49 7.8.1 General. .49 7.8.2 Roles. .49 7.8.3 Place. 51 7.9 Numeration and pagination. 53 7.9.1 General. .53 7.9.2 Part cited .54 7.9.3 Plain citations and references .54 7.10 Serials and series 54 7.10.1 General. .54 7.10.2 Qualifiers for titles. .55 7.10.3 Key title and the abbreviated key title 55 7.10.4 Earliertitles 56 7.10.5 Conference information. .56 7.10.6 Series title and numbering .56 7.10.7 New series. 56 7.11 Identifiers. 57 7.11.1 General. .57 7.11.2 International standard identifiers .58 7.11.3 Persistent identifiers. 59 7.12 Availability and location 60 7.12.1 Physical location. .60 7.12.2 Network location and access. .63 7.12.3 Permanent links and URL shorteners 66 7.12.4 Access restrictions and extinct resources .67 7.13 Item and event attributes. .68 7.13.1 General. .6