ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 5127 Second edition 2017-05 Information and documentation Foundation and vocabulary Information et documentation - Fondations et vocabulaire Reference number ISO 5127:2017(E) International Organization for Standardization @ IS0 2017 =ZHEJIANG INST OF STANDARDIZATION C1 5956617 vided by IHS under lic itted without license from IHS IS0 5127:2017(E) COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT IS02017,PublishedinSwitzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 . CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel.+41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41227490947 [email protected] www.iso.org Intenationai br PrganizationforStandardization icensee-ZHEJIANG INST OF STANDARDIZRoISQ s1.7 - All rights reserved I by IHS unde Not for Resale, 2017/8/21 01:26:29 etworking permitted without license from IHS IS0 5127:2017(E) Contents Foreword.. vi 1 Scope 2 Normative references .. 3 Terms and definitions.. 3.1 Basic and framework concepts.. 3.1.1 Basic concepts... 3.1.2 Framework concepts..... 3.1.3 Evaluation and statistics .. 3.1.4 Signs, characters and symbols... 16 3.1.5 Language and terminology... 19 3.1.6 Writing systems and transcription ... 27 3.1.7 Types of relations .... 3.1.8 3.1.9 Digital communication ... 3..10 Types of data... 41 3.11 Basic operations on data... 3.1.12 Digital data processing .... 51 3.1.13 Data representation in databases... 3.2 Basic concepts for information and documentation... 3.2.1 General concepts................ 62 3.2.2 Study fields related to documentation... 69 3.2.3 .Institutions in documentation... 3.2.4 Professions and functions in documentation..... 77 3.2.5 Numbering systems, identifiers, connectors.... 79 3.3 Objects, data media, documents... ..84 3.3.1 Object and document values.. 3.3.2 Objects and data media .. 85 3.3.3 Documentsby medium... .90 3.3.4 Processes in the intellectual production of documents.... 3.3.5 Physical production of documents... .98 3.4 Documents. 105 3.4.1 General concepts..... 105 3.4.2 Derived documents.. 114 3.4.3 Documentsbyacquisitionstatus.. .115 3.4.4 3.4.5 Special types of documents.... 118 3.4.6 Documents by originator and intended purpose.... 130 3.4.7 Documents by main feature... 132 3.5 Tertiary documents .... 144 3.5.1 General concepts. .144 3.5.2 Catalogues and archival registers..... 3.5.3 Documents and parts of documents reflecting archival registering.... .152 3.5.4 Documents and parts of documents reflecting content analysis and content 153 3.5.5 Reference works ... 154 3.5.6 Services to obtain documents .. 156 3.5.7 .Parts of documents used in the bibliographic description... .157 See=ZHEJIANG INST OF STANDARDIZATION C1 5956617 ii nse from IHS IS0 5127:2017(E) 3.5.8 Intellectual parts of documents ..158 3.5.9 3.6 Holdings of information and documentation organizations.. 175 3.6.1 Types of collections.... ..175 3.6.2 3.6.3 Archival sets of documents.... 181 3.6.4 Institutions.. .187 3.6.5 3.7 Analysis, representation and content description of documents and data ... .198 3.7.1 Main elements at the basis of the description .... ..198 3.7.2 Description and cataloguing ... 3.7.3 Headings.. .205 3.7.4 Titles... .206 3.8 3.8.1 3.8.2 Indexing and evaluation of indexing results .... 210 3.8.3 Thesauri and terms.. 3.8.4 3.8.5 Classifications and their elements ... .223 3.8.6 Types of classifications... 3.9 3.9.1 General concepts ... .228 3.9.2. Filing and shelving.... ...229 3.10 3.1o.1 General concepts.. .231 3.10.2 Search methods and elements.. .232 3.1o.3 Search operations and evaluation of their results..... 3.11 Use of information and documents... 238 3.11.1 Access to information