ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 25964-2 First edition 2013-03-15 Information and documentation : Thesauri and interoperability with other vocabularies - Part 2: Interoperability with other vocabularies Information et documentation Thésaurus et interopérabilite avec d'autres vocabulaires- Partie 2: Interopérabilite avec d'autres vocabulaires Reference number ISO 25964-2:2013(E) @ ISO 2013 d by IHS under lic ed without license from IHS Not for Resale ISO 25964-2:2013(E) COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT @ISO2013 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either isO at the address below or Iso's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56. CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail [email protected] Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland @ ISO 2013 - All rights reserved Tby IHS under itted without license from IHS Not for Resale ISO 25964-2:2013(E) Contents Page Foreword. Introduction.. .vi 1 Scope.. 2 Normative references.... 1 3 Terms and definitions... 4 Symbols, abbreviations and other conventions 15 5 Objectives and identification .... .16 5.1 Objectives of interoperability and mapping . 16 5.2 Identifying the elements to be mapped..... 6 Structural models for mapping across vocabularies ..... 6.1 General .... 6.2 Model 1: Structural unity ... 17 6.3 Model 2: Direct-linked ..... 17 6.4 Model 3: Hub structure 6.5 Selective mapping, 19 6.6 Choosing among the options. 20 7 Types of mapping. 20 7.1 8 Equivalence mappings.. 21 8.1 General... 21 8.2 Simple equivalence .... 21 8.3 Compound equivalence 22 9 Hierarchical mappings .. .25 10 Associative mappings. 25 11 Exact, inexact and partial equivalence.. .26 11.1 11.2 Exact equivalence ... .26 11.3 Inexact equivalence..... 27 11.4 Partial equivalence ... 27 12 Use of mappings in information retrieval . .28 12.1 12.2 Human mediation . 28 12.3 Examples of mapping implementation.... 29 12.4 13 Handling pre-coordination 13.1 General ... 31 13.2 Mapping between a thesaurus and a scheme with context-dependent captions 32 13.3 Mapping more compiex ciasses .... 37 14 Techniques for identifying candidate mappings 38 14.1 General procedure... 14.2 Computer assisted direct matching . ..40 14.3 Co-occurrence mapping .... 40 14.4 Other methods ... .40 15 Managing the data . 41 15.1 Types of data to be recorded .... .41 15.2 Storing the data ... 43 15.3 Maintaining the mappings data.... 43 CopyrightInenationalOganzanSandardizaloghtsreserved ili ted withoutlicensefromIHS Not for Resale ISO 25964-2:2013(E) 16 16.1 General... ..45 16.2 Single record display . .46 16.3 Complete displays based on one of the vocabularies 16.4 ..49 17 17.1 Key characteristics and background. .50 17.2 Semantic components and relationships compared with thesaurus components ..53 17.3 Recommendations for mapping between a thesaurus and a classification scheme, 18 Classification schemes used for records management 18.1 Key characteristics and background..... 18.2 Semantic components and relationships compared with thesaurus components. .57 18.3 Recommendationsforinteroperabilitywithathesaurus... .58 19 .59 19.1 Key characteristics and background 19.2 Types of taxonomies ... ..60 19.3 Semantic components and relationships . .61 19.4 Mapping between a thesaurus and a taxonomy.... 20 Subject heading schemes....... ..67 20.1 Key characteristics and background.. 20.2 Semantic components and relationships ... ..68 20.3 Mapping subject headings to and from thesaurus concepts .69 21 Ontologies 21.1 Key characteristics and background.... 21.2 Semanticcomponentsandrelationships 21.3 Structural comparison between thesauri and ontologies .76 21.4 Interoperability with thesauri.... 22 Terminologies .78 22.1 Key characteristics and background...... 22.2 Semantic components and relationships