ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 21439 First edition 2009-02-15 Clinical dosimetry Beta radiation sources for brachytherapy Dosimétrie clinique Sources de radiation béta pour curiethérapie Reference number ISO 21439:2009(E) @ ISO 2009 by IHS under lic itted without license from IHS Not for Resale ISO 21439:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The IsO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by IsO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO2009 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, isO's memberbody in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 . CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail [email protected] Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland @ IS0 2009 - All rights reserved py IHS unde I without license from IHS Not for Resale ISO 21439:2009(E) Contents Page Foreword Introduction ..vi 1 Scope 2 Normative references... 3 Terms and definitions . .2 4 Beta radiation sources and source data.... .8 4.1 Ophthalmic and dural brachytherapy sources, 4.2 Intravascular brachytherapy sources ... .9 4.3 Characteristics of radionuclides....... 4.4 Source specification .... 5 Dose calculation parameters and formalisms... 11 5.1 General ... 11 5.2 Radiation-field parameterization. 12 5.3 Radial dose profile ... 13 5.4 Normalization of relative-dose data for seed sources... 14 5.5 Adaptation of the TG-43/60 formalism for a long beta radiation line source. 16 5.6 5.7 Parametersforsource uniformitycharacterization. 17 6 Calibration and traceability . 19 6.1 Measurand. 19 6.2 Traceability. 19 6.3 Reference point . 19 6.4 Primary standards.. 19 6.5 Secondary standards... 19 6.6 19 6.7 Calibration of therapeutic beta radiationsources... .20 7 Dose measurements in-phantom and measurement corrections... 20 7.1 Measurements in water or a water-equivalent phantom ..... .20 7.2 Detectors for beta radiation........ 21 7.3 Conversion of absorbed dose in solid phantoms to absorbed dose to water.... 7.4 Effective point of measurement in the detector.... ..24 8 Theoretical modelling . 25 8.1 Point-dose kernels 25 8.2 MonteCarlosimulation .26 9 Uncertainties in source calibrations .28 9.1 9.2 Uncertainty of primary standards. .28 9.3 Uncertainty of secondary standards ... .28 9.4 9.5 Relationship of dosimetry uncertainty to positional error.... 29 9.6 Uncertainty in theoretical modeling .... 29 10 Treatment planning and reporting. .30 10.1 30 10.2 General aspects of treatment planning ... 10.3 Documentation in ophthalmic brachytherapy.. ..30 10.4 Uncertainty of the dose delivered in ophthalmic brachytherapy 30 10.5 Documentation in intravascular brachytherapy.... 31 Copyrght International Organizaionforstandardizalonghts reserved ili Not for Resale ISO 21439:2009(E) 10.6 Reporting uncertainties in intravascular brachytherapy.... 11 Clinical quality control 11.1 Acceptance tests . 11.2 Constancy checks. .37 Annex A (normative) Reference data.. ..38 Annex B (informative) Reference data sheet examples .. .43 Annex C (informative) Primary standards for beta radiation dosimetry.. .52 Annex D (informative) Detectors and phantom materia