ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 21127 Third edition 2023-10 Information and documentation A reference ontology for the interchange of cultural heritage information Information et documentation Une ontologie de référence pour I'échange d'informations du patrimoine culturel Reference number IS0 21127:2023(E) ISO @IS02023 IS0 21127:2023(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT IS02023 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may the internet or an intranet, withoutpriorwrittenpermission.Permission can be requested from eitherIso at the addressbelow or Iso's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office CP 401 · Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CH-1214Vernier,Geneva Phone: +41 22 749 01 11 Email: [email protected] Website: www.iso.org PublishedinSwitzerland i @ IS0 2023 - All rights reserved IS0 21127:2023(E) Contents Page Foreword .iv Introduction .V 1 Scope. 1 2 Normative references .1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Objectives 9 5 Compatibility .10 6 Applied form. .10 6.1 General. 10 6.2 Naming conventions 11 6.3 Inheritance and transitivity 12 6.4 Shortcuts.. .12 6.5 Logical expressions used in IS0 21127 12 6.6 Property quantifiers. 14 7 Modelling principles .15 7.1 Reality, knowledge bases and IS0 21127 15 7.2 Authorship of knowledge base (KB) contents 17 7.3 Extensions 17 7.4 Minimality 19 7.5 Monotonicity 20 7.5.1 Open World principle 20 7.5.2 Monotonicity of the document 20 7.5.3 Monotonicity of the data 21 7.5.4 Monotonicity of the knowledge base. 21 7.5.5 Monotonicity and time-dependent properties 21 7.6 Disjointness.. 22 8 Introduction to the basic concepts 22 8.1 General. 22 8.2 Relations with events 24 8.2.1 General 24 8.2.2 Spatial relations 27 8.2.3 Temporal relations 29 8.2.4 Spatiotemporal relations 31 8.3 Specific modelling constructs 33 8.3.1 Types. 33 8.3.2 Temporal relation primitives based on fuzzy boundaries 34 9 Class declarations .37 10 Property declarations. .91 Annex A (informative) Scope precision Intended scope ..175 Annex B (informative) Deprecated ciasses and properties ..176 Bibliography .179 @ IS0 2023 - All rights reserved iii IS0 21127:2023(E) Foreword Iso (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IsO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IsO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with IsO, also take part in the work. IsO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the Iso/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of Iso document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Iso draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a) patent(s). IsO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, Iso had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. IsO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constituteanendorsement. For an explanation of the vol